The Gion Matsuri festival in Kyoto, Japan, is a deeply rooted cultural event signaling a connection to deities. Conducted in July, this celebration dates back over a thousand years. Originally established to ward off epidemics, it takes place in the former imperial city.

Katsushi Horikawa, a participant in the festival, feels a special connection to the divine while atop one of the massive floats. These floats, sometimes weighing up to 12 tons, form part of the procession filled with dance, music, and song, attracting large audiences annually.

“I am conscious of them when I’m riding on top,” Horikawa says, emphasizing his awareness of the divine presence.

Religious and Historical Layers

The festival originated in the late 9th century, aiming to appease spirits believed responsible for epidemics while seeking protection from disease. The celebration centers around Kyoto’s Yasaka Shrine. This Shinto site honors a deity revered as a protector against disasters. Yasaka Shrine’s history reveals a blend of Shinto and Buddhist practices, reflecting Japan’s complex religious past.

Fabio Rambelli, a professor of religious studies, notes that until about 150 years ago, Yasaka Shrine was a Buddhist temple. This change is part of the broader religious shifts in Japan.

The main deity during early Gion Matsuri celebrations was Gozu Tennō, a figure with the power to influence epidemics. This deity, likely of Indian origin with ties to Korea and local folklore, highlights the mingling of traditions in Japan.

Shinto and State Influence

In 1868, during the Meiji era, the Japanese government separated Shinto and Buddhism. This reformation placed Shinto under state control, emphasizing the emperor’s role as a descendant of the sun goddess.

Andrea De Antoni, an anthropology and religious studies professor, explains that this created a movement against Buddhism, resulting in the destruction of temples and artifacts.

Post-World War II, Shinto became separate from the state but maintained deep cultural influences. De Antoni points out that Shinto’s ideas of kami reflect broader animistic practices found worldwide.

Community Celebration

Japanese festivals, such as Gion Matsuri, merge religious significance with community celebration. Jacques Garrigues, living in Kyoto for decades, remarks on the communal aspect of the festival.

“This is the festival of all the people in the neighborhood,” Garrigues mentions, highlighting the community’s involvement.

An enduring tradition involves selecting a boy as a sacred messenger to the gods. During the parade, this boy remains on a float, his feet never touching the ground. Many participants dedicate months to preparing nothing, trusting that the floats will dispel evil spirits.

Atsushi Matono, responsible for setting the shingi, a sacred tree atop one of the floats, speaks of feeling a divine presence while respecting his duties.

“I always carry out my work with great care and respect,” Matono shares about his experience.