Recent archaeological findings in Cyprus suggest that domesticated pigeons have been part of human settlements since at least 1400 B.C. A new study raises questions about whether humans intentionally domesticated pigeons or if pigeons naturally adapted to human environments.

Pigeons have not always been regarded with disdain. Historically, they served as food, provided fertilizer, acted as messengers, and even became cherished companions. The precise timeframe of their domestication remains uncertain. However, research published in the journal Antiquity indicates that this relationship dates back over 1,000 years earlier than previously thought.

This conclusion comes from an analysis of pigeon bones excavated from a Late Bronze Age site in Cyprus. It also hints that people may have raised pigeons for ceremonial feasts.

Pigeons have been with humans for a long time, stated Anderson Carter, the study’s lead author and a graduate student at the University of Groningen. We’ve shaped their species, and they’ve influenced many of our stories and histories.

The discovery in Cyprus is particularly symbolic. According to legend, this Mediterranean island is the birthplace of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love and beauty, who reportedly favored pigeons and doves. She is often depicted with these birds resting on her hand or shoulder.