An observational study from South Korea’s Asan Medical Center found a connection between prescription weight-loss medications and increased rates of depression, mental health counseling, suicidal thoughts, and suicide-related behaviors. This study involved 27,741 adults, with 846 using weight-loss medications and 26,895 not using these drugs.

Study Findings

The study revealed that adults using these medications were 1.9 times more likely to experience depression and were twice as likely to seek mental health counseling. They were also found to be 2.7 times more likely to have suicidal thoughts and 1.7 times more likely to attempt suicide compared to non-users.

Research indicated that these tendencies were stronger among individuals who gained or regained weight while on these medications. The study team noted the possible influence of the neuropsychiatric effects of the drugs, as well as the psychological and social factors associated with weight gain or failure in weight control.

Impact of Older Anti-Obesity Agents

The data, collected between 2013 and 2022, predominantly captured the use of older anti-obesity agents, such as phentermine, diethylpropion, and topiramate. Central nervous system stimulants like phentermine-based drugs have known risks, including anxiety and mood changes.

Licensed clinical counselor Bonnie Mitchell pointed out that while the study shows correlation, it does not prove causation. More research is needed to determine if the medications themselves affect mental health.

“The study highlighted a sub finding where users who gained weight despite taking medication had 4.2 times higher odds of suicidal ideation than non-users,” Mitchell noted.

Mitchell emphasized the need for physicians to conduct a baseline mental health assessment prior to prescribing new weight-loss medications.

Recommendations and Cautions

Mitchell advises monitoring for mood changes and scheduling regular check-ins to evaluate physiological and psychological progress. Immediate medical care is required if a patient develops severe depression or suicidal thoughts. Discontinuation of the medication and psychiatric support are recommended in such cases.

Manufacturers Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk address mental health risks in their product information. While Eli Lilly mentions concerns about depression and suicidal thoughts in its safety information, Novo Nordisk reports less than 1% of trial participants experienced suicidal ideation, with no significant difference compared to a placebo.

For more information on this topic, individuals are encouraged to contact mental health professionals or healthcare providers if they experience concerning symptoms.