Scratching a bug bite or rash offers temporary relief, enticing many to indulge in the act. However, it often leads to increased inflammation, particularly in conditions like eczema. Despite scratching’s natural feel-good response, scientists at the University of Pittsburgh are probing why it aggravates skin swelling and what benefits it might provide.

In their study, Daniel H. Kaplan, a professor of dermatology and immunology, led research on the correlation between itch, scratching, and inflammation. They instigated an eczema-like skin condition, allergic-contact dermatitis, in mice by applying allergens.

Mice repelled by substances like poison ivy, nickel, and specific skincare items displayed typical skin reactions. While scratching seems natural, research indicates it’s inadvisable since it prolongs the itch.

Different groups of mice were studied: normal ones, those without itch-sensing neurons, and those permitted to scratch freely against ones restrained with an Elizabethan collar.

Scratching provokes mast cells, which act like the body’s alert system and release histamines and other inflammatory chemicals resulting in itchiness, notes the Cleveland Clinic. When inappropriately triggered, these cells can cause allergic responses.

Mice scratching freely emitted more substance P, activating mast cells further, intensifying inflammation and prolonging the itch-scratch cycle. Mice unable to scratch or lacking itch neurons showed less inflammation.

As bug-bite season approaches, experts advise against scratching, due to its inflammatory consequences. However, scratching is satisfying, as Science Magazine highlights its evolutionary aspect dating back millions of years.

To discern further benefits, the team studied scratching’s effect on skin microbiome, given mast cells also defend against pathogens. Scratching was found to reduce Staphylococcus aureus on the skin, a bacterium linked with infections.

“The damage from scratching outweighs its bacterial-fighting benefit during chronic itching,” warns Kaplan, explaining the apparent contradiction of scratching’s pleasant sensation despite its harmful result.

Cold compresses and 1% hydrocortisone cream can ease itching, suggests the American Academy of Dermatology. These findings were published in Science last year.

Teresa Mull contributed additional reporting for the Fox News Digital Lifestyle team.