Health Impacts of Extreme Heat and Humidity

Officials in Southern California are raising alarms over the potential health risks posed by this week’s intense heat and humidity. Heat-related illnesses are a significant concern in California and other regions experiencing climate change and soaring temperatures. However, experts note that public awareness of these dangers remains limited.

A 2021 investigation by The Times recorded 3,900 heat-related deaths in California over ten years. It found that public agencies struggled to assist those most in need.

Los Angeles County public health officials report an increase in emergency visits due to heat-related illnesses amid the current heat wave. This information is available on the county health department’s heat-related illness and mortality dashboard.

Humidity’s Impact on Perceived Temperature

This week’s humidity levels accentuate the feeling of heat. Climate scientist Daniel Swain explains, “That is extremely humid by anyone’s definition.” Such high humidity levels hinder the body’s natural cooling process since sweat does not evaporate quickly, causing an increase in body temperature.

“This is an absolute humidity that is very high. In some cases, it is right up there at the ceiling of the humidity that we’ve really ever seen in this part of the world,” Swain said.

Lower humidity levels reduce the likelihood of heat-related illnesses. Experts emphasize the importance of understanding heat stress, as described by Dr. David Eisenman from UCLA. This stress occurs when the body works to maintain a stable internal temperature.

Practical Tips for Coping with Heat

Dr. Eisenman suggests “skin wetting,” which involves keeping as much bare skin damp as possible. Use a spray bottle to mist water on your face, neck, and forearms. Repeat every 5-10 minutes. Additionally, soaking clothing in cold water or applying a chilled towel to the body can help.

Guidance from the Los Angeles Department of Public Health

• Stay hydrated. Drink water throughout the day, even without feeling thirsty.
• Plan outdoor activities carefully. Avoid peak heat hours and wear light clothing, a hat, or use an umbrella. Apply sunscreen (SPF 15 or higher).
• Keep your home cool. If it becomes too hot, seek air-conditioned places or cooling centers.
• Never leave children or pets in a vehicle, even briefly. Cars heat up quickly. Call 911 if you see children or pets alone in a vehicle.
• Check on at-risk individuals, including the elderly, sick, pregnant women, and those without air conditioning.
• Call 911 for confusion, fainting, hot skin, high body temperature, fast pulse, headache, dizziness, or nausea.

If you lack air conditioning, take cool showers, and avoid using stoves or ovens. Visit libraries, malls, or other air-conditioned places.

Recognizing Heat Illness

The Times provides a guide on heat-related illnesses:

Heat Exhaustion

• Symptoms: Body temperature over 104°F, lethargy, dizziness, communication difficulty, headache, cognitive decline, fainting, excessive sweating.
• Treatment: Remove excess clothing. Wet a towel for cooling and call 911.

Heatstroke

• Symptoms: Body temperature over 104°F, loss of consciousness, dry skin, no sweating.
• Treatment: Find a cool place and call 911 immediately.