A newly discovered letter from Pope Alexander II could alter the narrative surrounding the 1066 Norman Conquest of England. The University of East Anglia presented research in August that challenges the traditional understanding of this historic event.

Research Findings

Professor Tom Licence’s investigation into historical records led to the uncovering of excerpts from an overlooked papal letter preserved in the Vatican archives. These findings suggest the pope supported the invasion led by William the Conqueror due to England’s alignment with his papal adversary.

The letter paints the English as misguided, describing them as followers of an ‘evil head.’ Licence interprets this as branding them as ‘followers of Satan,’ indicating a deeper religious and political context to the Battle of Hastings.

Historical Context

Historically, the Battle of Hastings is seen primarily as a dispute over the English throne between William of Normandy and King Harold II. Licence’s research introduces a potential connection to a contentious papal power struggle between Alexander II and antipope Honorius II.

Licence contends that England may have supported Honorius, providing Alexander with another motive to endorse the Norman invasion. While historians have traditionally focused less on the papacy’s role, these findings propose a pivotal change in that perspective.

Impact of the Discovery

Licence’s insights could reshape the understanding of Alexander’s actions and motives during this period. His conclusion is that Alexander II desired regime change due to England’s withdrawal of support from the legitimate papacy.

This revelation contributes to the broader historical analysis and is detailed further in Licence’s book, “Harold: Warrior King.” This ongoing research continues to refine our comprehension of the complex dynamics of the Norman Conquest.