Extreme heat events are becoming more frequent globally. Extended heat waves pose significant health risks, notably heat-related illnesses such as heat stroke and heat exhaustion. Here’s expert advice on staying cool, even without air conditioning.

Strategies for Staying Cool

Hydration and cooling your environment are crucial steps in combating intense heat. If you lack air conditioning or it isn’t sufficiently cooling your space, consider these methods:

• Spray your skin with cool or room-temperature water.
• Cover windows that receive afternoon sun with blankets or dark sheets during the day.
• At night, open windows and use fans to circulate air.
• Apply a cool cloth to your forehead.
• Avoid strenuous outdoor activities.
• Add ice cubes to your water bottle, particularly when outdoors.
• Avoid using appliances like stoves or ovens when possible.

Identifying Heat Exhaustion

Symptoms of heat exhaustion include excessive sweating, cold and clammy skin, a weak pulse, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, fatigue, dizziness, headaches, or fainting. For children, symptoms may differ slightly. If experiencing these, sip water, relocate to a cooler location, loosen tight clothing, or use cool baths and cloths. Seek medical attention if vomiting occurs or symptoms persist beyond an hour.

Recognizing Heat Stroke

Heat stroke is characterized by a body temperature of 103°F or higher, skin that is hot, red, dry, or damp, a strong pulse, headaches, dizziness, nausea, and fainting. Illness may result in decreased coordination or stumbling. An affected person might report headaches, nausea, or dizziness. Conversing with the person can reveal confusion, indicating symptoms.

If heat stroke symptoms are present, immediately contact emergency services at 911. If possible, move the person to a shaded or cooler area and apply cool cloths or provide a cool bath to lower body temperature.