An overlooked section in the upcoming defense bill is bringing together an unusual mix of progressive Democrats and conservatives. They warn that this measure would deepen U.S. military ties with Israel. The section, known as the ‘United States-Israel Defense Technology Cooperation Initiative,’ appears in the 2027 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA).

This measure would mandate the secretary of defense to appoint an ‘executive agent.’ This agent would oversee collaborative efforts between the countries in defense technology, spanning research, development, testing, and cooperation with industries. Joint ventures, licensing agreements, and co-production partnerships with Israeli industries are included, alongside joint training and information-sharing. Key areas include counter-drone systems, missile defense, artificial intelligence, autonomous systems, cyber and electronic warfare, biotechnology, and defense production.

Senator Bernie Sanders, an independent from Vermont, called for the defeat of Section 224. Former Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene warned that once it passes, reversing it will be difficult. Proponents argue that this formalizes long-standing collaborations, but critics claim it will intertwine the defense industries of the two nations with minimal oversight.

House Debates the Measure

The issue arises as Congress discusses a $1.15 trillion defense bill. During the House Armed Services Committee’s June 4 markup, Representative Ro Khanna from California attempted to remove Section 224 through an amendment. The amendment failed in a voice vote, advancing the bill to the House. Only Khanna and Representative Sara Jacobs, both Democrats from California, supported the amendment.

The provision did not originate in committee. It draws from the U.S.-Israel FUTURES Act. This act was sponsored by Representatives Ronny Jackson and Don Davis and Senators Ted Budd and Kirsten Gillibrand. Although stalled, aspects of the act found their way into the NDAA.

Skepticism has arisen with the Defense Intelligence Agency elevating Israel’s counterintelligence threat level, citing aggressive espionage activities. This surfaced just before the vote.

As the Obama-era memorandum of understanding approaches expiration in 2028, Israel seeks a new framework. The current agreement offers $3.8 billion annually, summing $38 billion over ten years. Former Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett noted the importance of acting decisively amidst tensions with Iran, affirming Israel’s capacity for self-defense.

Progressive Views

Sanders labeled the provision a concession to a foreign government against voter preferences. On social media, he highlighted Prime Minister Netanyahu’s lobbying efforts, arguing that the American public opposes increased military aid to Israel. Khanna echoed dissatisfaction with Netanyahu’s influence, emphasizing an American desire to limit defense ties with Israel.

Jacobs raised concerns about deepening military alliances with nations accused of breaching laws, underscoring the need for careful consideration. Defense experts noted the provision’s unique nature; Retired Air Force Lieutenant Colonel William Astore expressed concerns about formalizing security technology integration with another nation.

Conservative Voices

Greene critiqued the measure for undermining U.S. sovereignty, aligning her remarks with Israel’s self-reliance rhetoric. She argued Israel should not receive American military integration or financial aid. Linking the provision to espionage claims, Greene also questioned AIPAC’s endorsement of the measure despite raised threat levels regarding Israeli espionage.

Representative Thomas Massie, who faced election challenges partly due to pro-Israel group funding against him, pledged to table a floor amendment against Section 224, emphasizing U.S. sovereignty.

Details of Section 224

The provision instructs the defense secretary to appoint an executive agent for U.S.-Israel defense technology coordination across ten areas such as counter-drone systems, missile defense, AI, autonomous technology, and biotechnology.

• Public updates must be available on the Defense Department’s website.
• The agent would identify Israeli technologies for U.S. integration and foster joint ventures and partnerships.
• Coordination with various U.S. departments is required to align with existing laws.
• Within 180 days, the Pentagon must brief Congress, followed by annual reports through 2030.
• Reports should be unclassified, but a classified annex is permissible.

Claims from Supporters

Supporters refute the idea of merging militaries, stating the provision improves management by assigning a coordinating official without compromising U.S. control over military affairs. Representatives Mike Rogers and Adam Smith, who backed the bill, clarify that it enhances transparency and efficiency.

The bill’s proponents, including Jackson, denied involvement or influence from Netanyahu. Supporters, including AIPAC, argue the provision strengthens American strategic advantage by expanding ties with Israel. Importantly, the section authorizes existing initiatives without introducing new programs or funding.

Future Steps

The NDAA must receive approval from the full House, face reconciliation with the Senate version, and obtain the president’s signature to become law. Massie has committed to raising the issue on the House floor once more.