A Ukrainian F-16 fighter jet recently achieved a milestone by downing a Russian jet, marking the first instance of such an engagement. This event shines a spotlight on the F-16’s capabilities in Ukraine, where its presence has been substantial since their arrival a few years ago.

General Dan Caine, chair of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, shared this development with U.S. lawmakers. He refrained from specifying the type of Russian aircraft involved, but Ukrainian sources indicated it was an Su-35. A notable Russian Telegram channel, with alleged ties to Moscow’s air force, reported that three Ukrainian aircraft and a Patriot anti-aircraft system targeted the Su-35. According to that account, two of the aircraft were F-16s, and the pilot survived.

The F-16 and Su-35 are categorized as fourth-generation fighter jets, which are proficient yet lack the sophisticated stealth features of fifth-generation jets like the F-35s or F-22s. However, the F-16s represent a significant upgrade for Ukraine compared to its previous Soviet-era fleet of MiG-29s and Su-27s.

Ukraine’s acquisition of F-16s began in the summer of 2024 after NATO countries pledged to provide around 80 jets. Despite this, deliveries have faced delays. Some jets are actively used against Russian forces, while others serve as parts donors. Ukraine often deploys its F-16s to counter Russian missiles and drones rather than conducting attacks within Russian territory.

Ukraine faces air defense challenges due to a scarcity of systems and missiles to intercept Russian attacks on cities and strategic targets. Moscow has intensified its offensive, creating a critical need for effective air defense. In March, it was reported that Ukraine’s F-16s had insufficient missiles for nearly a month in late 2025.

Currently, Ukraine’s F-16 fleet consists of about 39 aircraft. The country has lost at least three of these jets, with damage and pilot casualties reported. In June, Ukraine signed an agreement to procure 16 Gripen jets from Sweden, which are anticipated to be operational in Ukrainian airspace within three years. Sweden has committed to sending these older Gripens, phased out of its own fleet.

For further details, inquiries can be directed to Newsweek editors Frances Mao and Tony Phillips.